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Acute hepatitis

MedGen UID:
82759
Concept ID:
C0267797
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Acute Hepatitis; Acute liver inflammation
SNOMED CT: Acute hepatitis (37871000)
 
HPO: HP:0200119

Definition

Acute hepatic injury resulting from inflammation typically accompanied by increased serum alanine transaminase activity. Etiologies include viral hepatitis, drugs, toxins, and autoimmune disorders. [from HPO]

Conditions with this feature

Hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria syndrome
MedGen UID:
82815
Concept ID:
C0268540
Disease or Syndrome
Hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome is a disorder of the urea cycle and ornithine degradation pathway. Clinical manifestations and age of onset vary among individuals even in the same family. Neonatal onset (~8% of affected individuals). Manifestations of hyperammonemia usually begin 24-48 hours after feeding begins and can include lethargy, somnolence, refusal to feed, vomiting, tachypnea with respiratory alkalosis, and/or seizures. Infantile, childhood, and adult onset (~92%). Affected individuals may present with: Chronic neurocognitive deficits (including developmental delay, ataxia, spasticity, learning disabilities, cognitive deficits, and/or unexplained seizures); Acute encephalopathy secondary to hyperammonemic crisis precipitated by a variety of factors; and Chronic liver dysfunction (unexplained elevation of liver transaminases with or without mild coagulopathy, with or without mild hyperammonemia and protein intolerance). Neurologic findings and cognitive abilities can continue to deteriorate despite early metabolic control that prevents hyperammonemia.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Muratori L, Lohse AW, Lenzi M
BMJ 2023 Feb 6;380:e070201. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2022-070201. PMID: 36746473
Dekker SE, Green EW, Ahn J
Clin Liver Dis 2021 Nov;25(4):711-724. Epub 2021 Sep 9 doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2021.06.002. PMID: 34593149
Wilkins T, Sams R, Carpenter M
Am Fam Physician 2019 Mar 1;99(5):314-323. PMID: 30811163

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Huang D, Lai H, Shi X, Jiang J, Zhu Z, Peng J, Zhang S, Chen Y, Yu H, Zhao Q, Chen Y, Chen J
J Infect 2024 Oct;89(4):106250. Epub 2024 Aug 23 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106250. PMID: 39181413
Hui W, Wei L
Adv Exp Med Biol 2023;1417:215-226. doi: 10.1007/978-981-99-1304-6_15. PMID: 37223869
Kwong S, Meyerson C, Zheng W, Kassardjian A, Stanzione N, Zhang K, Wang HL
Semin Diagn Pathol 2019 Nov;36(6):404-414. Epub 2019 Jul 24 doi: 10.1053/j.semdp.2019.07.005. PMID: 31405537
Maheshwari A, Ray S, Thuluvath PJ
Lancet 2008 Jul 26;372(9635):321-32. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61116-2. PMID: 18657711
Gitnick GL
West J Med 1978 Feb;128(2):117-26. PMID: 629050Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

The Lancet Gastroenterology Hepatology
Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023 Jun;8(6):493. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(23)00118-8. PMID: 37178696
Chen YH, Lou JG, Yang ZH, Chen QJ, Hua CZ, Ye S, Zhang CM, Chen J, Huang ZW, Yu JD, Gao ZG, Shu Q
World J Pediatr 2022 Aug;18(8):538-544. Epub 2022 Jun 30 doi: 10.1007/s12519-022-00581-x. PMID: 35771382Free PMC Article
Cevik M, Rasmussen AL, Bogoch II, Kindrachuk J
BMJ 2022 May 17;377:o1197. doi: 10.1136/bmj.o1197. PMID: 35580879
Kwong S, Meyerson C, Zheng W, Kassardjian A, Stanzione N, Zhang K, Wang HL
Semin Diagn Pathol 2019 Nov;36(6):404-414. Epub 2019 Jul 24 doi: 10.1053/j.semdp.2019.07.005. PMID: 31405537
Maheshwari A, Ray S, Thuluvath PJ
Lancet 2008 Jul 26;372(9635):321-32. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61116-2. PMID: 18657711

Therapy

Huang S, Zhang X, Su Y, Zhuang C, Tang Z, Huang X, Chen Q, Zhu K, Hu X, Ying D, Liu X, Jiang H, Zang X, Wang Z, Yang C, Liu D, Wang Y, Tang Q, Shen W, Cao H, Pan H, Ge S, Huang Y, Wu T, Zheng Z, Zhu F, Zhang J, Xia N
Lancet 2024 Mar 2;403(10429):813-823. Epub 2024 Feb 19 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02234-1. PMID: 38387470
Henriquez-Camacho C, Hijas-Gomez AI, Risco Risco C, Ruiz Lapuente MA, Escudero-Sanchez R, Cuerda VM
Viruses 2023 Nov 10;15(11) doi: 10.3390/v15112241. PMID: 38005918Free PMC Article
Dekker SE, Green EW, Ahn J
Clin Liver Dis 2021 Nov;25(4):711-724. Epub 2021 Sep 9 doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2021.06.002. PMID: 34593149
Hui W, Wei L, Li Z, Guo X
Adv Exp Med Biol 2016;948:211-221. doi: 10.1007/978-94-024-0942-0_12. PMID: 27738987
Maheshwari A, Ray S, Thuluvath PJ
Lancet 2008 Jul 26;372(9635):321-32. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61116-2. PMID: 18657711

Prognosis

Huang D, Lai H, Shi X, Jiang J, Zhu Z, Peng J, Zhang S, Chen Y, Yu H, Zhao Q, Chen Y, Chen J
J Infect 2024 Oct;89(4):106250. Epub 2024 Aug 23 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106250. PMID: 39181413
Zeng DY, Li JM, Lin S, Dong X, You J, Xing QQ, Ren YD, Chen WM, Cai YY, Fang K, Hong MZ, Zhu Y, Pan JS
J Hepatol 2021 Sep;75(3):547-556. Epub 2021 May 4 doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.04.035. PMID: 33961940
Terrault NA, Levy MT, Cheung KW, Jourdain G
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021 Feb;18(2):117-130. Epub 2020 Oct 12 doi: 10.1038/s41575-020-00361-w. PMID: 33046891
Asrani SK, Devarbhavi H, Eaton J, Kamath PS
J Hepatol 2019 Jan;70(1):151-171. Epub 2018 Sep 26 doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.09.014. PMID: 30266282
Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, Abraham J, Adair T, Aggarwal R, Ahn SY, Alvarado M, Anderson HR, Anderson LM, Andrews KG, Atkinson C, Baddour LM, Barker-Collo S, Bartels DH, Bell ML, Benjamin EJ, Bennett D, Bhalla K, Bikbov B, Bin Abdulhak A, Birbeck G, Blyth F, Bolliger I, Boufous S, Bucello C, Burch M, Burney P, Carapetis J, Chen H, Chou D, Chugh SS, Coffeng LE, Colan SD, Colquhoun S, Colson KE, Condon J, Connor MD, Cooper LT, Corriere M, Cortinovis M, de Vaccaro KC, Couser W, Cowie BC, Criqui MH, Cross M, Dabhadkar KC, Dahodwala N, De Leo D, Degenhardt L, Delossantos A, Denenberg J, Des Jarlais DC, Dharmaratne SD, Dorsey ER, Driscoll T, Duber H, Ebel B, Erwin PJ, Espindola P, Ezzati M, Feigin V, Flaxman AD, Forouzanfar MH, Fowkes FG, Franklin R, Fransen M, Freeman MK, Gabriel SE, Gakidou E, Gaspari F, Gillum RF, Gonzalez-Medina D, Halasa YA, Haring D, Harrison JE, Havmoeller R, Hay RJ, Hoen B, Hotez PJ, Hoy D, Jacobsen KH, James SL, Jasrasaria R, Jayaraman S, Johns N, Karthikeyan G, Kassebaum N, Keren A, Khoo JP, Knowlton LM, Kobusingye O, Koranteng A, Krishnamurthi R, Lipnick M, Lipshultz SE, Ohno SL, Mabweijano J, MacIntyre MF, Mallinger L, March L, Marks GB, Marks R, Matsumori A, Matzopoulos R, Mayosi BM, McAnulty JH, McDermott MM, McGrath J, Mensah GA, Merriman TR, Michaud C, Miller M, Miller TR, Mock C, Mocumbi AO, Mokdad AA, Moran A, Mulholland K, Nair MN, Naldi L, Narayan KM, Nasseri K, Norman P, O'Donnell M, Omer SB, Ortblad K, Osborne R, Ozgediz D, Pahari B, Pandian JD, Rivero AP, Padilla RP, Perez-Ruiz F, Perico N, Phillips D, Pierce K, Pope CA 3rd, Porrini E, Pourmalek F, Raju M, Ranganathan D, Rehm JT, Rein DB, Remuzzi G, Rivara FP, Roberts T, De León FR, Rosenfeld LC, Rushton L, Sacco RL, Salomon JA, Sampson U, Sanman E, Schwebel DC, Segui-Gomez M, Shepard DS, Singh D, Singleton J, Sliwa K, Smith E, Steer A, Taylor JA, Thomas B, Tleyjeh IM, Towbin JA, Truelsen T, Undurraga EA, Venketasubramanian N, Vijayakumar L, Vos T, Wagner GR, Wang M, Wang W, Watt K, Weinstock MA, Weintraub R, Wilkinson JD, Woolf AD, Wulf S, Yeh PH, Yip P, Zabetian A, Zheng ZJ, Lopez AD, Murray CJ, AlMazroa MA, Memish ZA
Lancet 2012 Dec 15;380(9859):2095-128. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0. PMID: 23245604Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Huang D, Lai H, Shi X, Jiang J, Zhu Z, Peng J, Zhang S, Chen Y, Yu H, Zhao Q, Chen Y, Chen J
J Infect 2024 Oct;89(4):106250. Epub 2024 Aug 23 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106250. PMID: 39181413
Mandal S, Simmons R, Ireland G, Charlett A, Desai M, Coughlan L, Powell A, Leeman D, Williams C, Neill C, O'Leary MC, Sawyer C, Rowley F, Harris C, Houlihan C, Gordon C, Rampling T, Callaby H, Hoschler K, Cogdale J, Renz E, Sebastianpilli P, Thompson C, Talts T, Celma C, Davies EA, Ahmad S, Machin N, Gifford L, Moore C, Dickson EM, Divala TH, Henderson D, Li K, Broadbent P, Ushiro-Lumb I, Humphreys C, Grammatikopoulos T, Hartley J, Kelgeri C, Rajwal S, Okike I, Kelly DA, Guiver M, Borrow R, Bindra R, Demirjian A, Brown KE, Ladhani SN, Ramsay ME, Bradley DT, Gjini A, Roy K, Chand M, Zambon M, Watson CH
Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2023 Nov;7(11):786-796. Epub 2023 Sep 26 doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(23)00215-8. PMID: 37774733
GBD 2019 Europe Hepatitis B & C Collaborators
Lancet Public Health 2023 Sep;8(9):e701-e716. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(23)00149-4. PMID: 37633679Free PMC Article
Geng Y, Shi T, Wang Y
Adv Exp Med Biol 2023;1417:33-48. doi: 10.1007/978-981-99-1304-6_3. PMID: 37223857
Geng Y, Wang Y
Adv Exp Med Biol 2016;948:39-59. doi: 10.1007/978-94-024-0942-0_3. PMID: 27738978

Recent systematic reviews

Phan J, Eslick GD, Elliott EJ
J Infect 2024 Jan;88(1):2-14. Epub 2023 Nov 24 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.11.011. PMID: 38007049
Henriquez-Camacho C, Hijas-Gomez AI, Risco Risco C, Ruiz Lapuente MA, Escudero-Sanchez R, Cuerda VM
Viruses 2023 Nov 10;15(11) doi: 10.3390/v15112241. PMID: 38005918Free PMC Article
Takuissu GR, Kenmoe S, Ndip L, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Kengne-Ndé C, Mbaga DS, Bowo-Ngandji A, Oyono MG, Kenfack-Momo R, Tchatchouang S, Kenfack-Zanguim J, Lontuo Fogang R, Zeuko'o Menkem E, Kame-Ngasse GI, Magoudjou-Pekam JN, Nkie Esemu S, Veneri C, Mancini P, Bonanno Ferraro G, Iaconelli M, Suffredini E, La Rosa G
Food Environ Virol 2022 Sep;14(3):223-235. Epub 2022 Aug 29 doi: 10.1007/s12560-022-09530-3. PMID: 36036329Free PMC Article
Piloiu C, Dumitrascu DL
Am J Ther 2021 Feb 3;28(3):e335-e340. doi: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000001341. PMID: 33590990
Hassan-Kadle MA, Osman MS, Ogurtsov PP
World J Gastroenterol 2018 Sep 14;24(34):3927-3957. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i34.3927. PMID: 30228786Free PMC Article

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